ASK FREDDYNICE

Hi FRED,
I want to start a very modern garage in Dar es salaam in Tanzania - East Africa. Can I get some facts about Garage business(ie. Garage and panel Beating shop) The garage will be doing Maintenance, Services and general Repairs particularly of small to medium sized vehicles.
Thanxs
Nashon.

Starting a Garage Business

 

 

Everyday on our way to the office, school and work we see lots of vehicle pulled to road side and being towed later. Where they go? They are rushed to the garage for service; garage owner makes money repairing these vehicles. Do you want to be one among these garage owners?
With the increasing number of cars and vehicle owners who need vehicle services for their automobiles, one of the best start-up businesses that you can invest on is a garage business.

The best thing about a garage business is that you do not necessarily need to look for a commercial location to service vehicles when you are just starting up. A garage business can generally be started as a small business from home and you can get your first set of clients from the people in your neighborhood. If you have no idea about starting a garage business, here are some helpful tips for you to succeed in the vehicle servicing business industry:

Hire competent technicians and mechanics for auto repair shop

It will be an advantage if you are technically adept in providing engine repair and maintenance repair to your clients. It will however be inevitable that you will be upgrading and providing vehicle maintenance to more cars than you can handle which will require that you hire skillful mechanics and technicians to handle the varied services that your repair shop offers. It is therefore best if you can hire tuning specialists and mechanics who can handle such services as engine mapping and blue printing, car modification, auto body repair, automotive repair and manual repairs. It is still a good idea if you can hire experienced and manufacturer trained mechanics because they can provide the best jobs for your clients.

Choose an accessible place for garage business

You might be providing the best car repair shop services and the best vehicle servicing equipment in you garage business but if you are not able to choose a good location for your garage, your efforts and investments will be useless. This is for reason that a number of clients in the garage business actually prefer to choose accessible repair shops. They want repair service centers that are preferably near their houses or which will only require them to drive a short way. You will also find it valuable to increase your garage business’ visibility by advertising your small business in areas frequented by vehicle owners.

Establish as a reputable car service and repair business

One particular reason why many garage businesses were unsuccessful is that they have not established themselves as trustworthy and dependable vehicle service providers. You will therefore find it a good idea to offer warranties to your customers to ensure them they can always return for back jobs should there be problems with your repairs and services. Remember to provide the best services to your clients as they will be the ones who will advertise your garage business and car repair services to their friends and family members who may need recommendations for good and dependable garage shops.

I think you get some facts on HOW TO START THE GARAGE BUSINESS.
All the Best,

FRED.

I AM PROUDLY HAPPY TO ASSIST THIS BEAUTIFUL BUS TO MACHOZI BAND....BIG THANKS from FREDDYNICE AUTOMASTER to LADY JAY DEE for shopping with US.. UKO JUUUUUUUU

STKHLM IS ON,,,STAY TUNED

Facebook Status...from Monty

"Me Happy Happy veeeeeeery Happy 2day@ Black Man Working ( BMW ) Hapana chezea FreddyNice a.k.a POSH AUTO dealer for those with class!!!!" Monty Mahembe

Monty is one of the many satisfied customers i have.
FREDDYNICE AUTO MASTER, I will be more than happy to help you in the hopes of finding your dream car.

Go back to the main page

The toyota land cruiser PRADO.

Toyota Land Cruiser Prado is a model designation used in Japan, Pakistan, Australia, South Africa, Middle East, Southeast Asia and Latin America as well as tanzania and other parts of the world for medium-duty, mid-sized four-wheel drive cars in the Toyota Land Cruiser line. They are produced by the Japanese car maker Toyota Motor Corporation. The car is marketed in many other parts of the developing world, such as the Caribbean and large parts of Africa.

Performance: Very Powerful Engine,awesome acceleration, good ground clearance, very nice types of Terrains.Build Quality: Toyota is famous for one of the best build qualities.

Bold, elegant, and thought-provoking, Prado is the perfect vehicle for anyone thinking all-terrain. It combines the rugged dominance of its LandCruiser heritage with the passenger-car safety and sophistication for which Toyota is renowned.

The Toyota Landcruiser Prado-this may be the car for you. And if you want your Prado at an affordable price and still with good quality and condition, never hesitate to contact me. I will be happy to serve you anytime.

Go back to blog FREDDYNICE AUTO MASTER

THANK YOU NOTE FOR FREDDYNICE

To be sincere this is sixith car i have ordered and bought from you for my self and my friends. It un disputable that i have always been receiving good cars from you. the cars reflect value for money. i would therefore advise you to continue fullfilling your customers need without fail. to my side i will continue to be your good ambassodor here in Tanzania.

Best regards,
Mr Nyambuli
NBC hq.

For good and quality cars contact FREDDYNICE. One of the best Japanese used car dealers in TANZANIA.

Contact me directly on my mail freddynice@live.co.za or call me:+46736724708 

Hope to do business with you my valued customers.
Go back to blog freddynice Auto Master

CLK200 SUNROOF LEATHER RHD..CHRISTMAS OFFER/LADIES SPECIAL !!!

Year / Month :2000

Odometer :83,710 km
Displacement :2,000 cc
Steering: Right
Transmission: Automatic
Fuel :Gasoline/Petrol
Body type: Coupe
Model code :GF-208335

PRICE: 10,000 USD (all inclusive)
Contact me: +46736724708 / freddynice@live.co.za

OBS:Price including ALL TAXES,CLEARENCE,REGISTRATIONS,ONE YEAR COMPREHENSIVE INSURANCE AND SIX MONTH SERVICE ASSISTANCE...''gET YOUr KEYS,,,START TO RIDDDEEE''


                    CLICK THE PICTURE FOR BIG IMAGE

go to the blog http://freddynice.blogspot.com/

From the heart of my Kenyan Customer!!!

Kenya is one of the most strictly country in Africa in terms of importation of Used Cars!! FREDDYNICE proved that i can assure our customer`s that i sell Good Quality and Excellent Condition Cars.

Thanks Fred, I want to Thank you , I received my car. Its really Nice.

Best Regards

Murungi.

UN NAIROBI.

Thank you Mr Murungi, I am looking forward to deal with you again.

FRED

Thank you note for FRED..

Below are photos and thankyou notes i recently received from a satisfied customer in Zambia

Hi FRED,




Hope you are fine. Iam happy to inform you that I was glad when I reached home with the car I bought from you.I will send you my photos later. You were very patient with me. I do appreciate for your good service.


Goodday. May God bless you.


Blackstone






Dear FRED,


Hi, how are you? I am fine and happy to inform you that I collected the car from Dar-es-Salaam on Thursday 19/11/2010.


Thank you for good service. Please continue with the same spirit.


Good day.


Blackstone


Mr. Blackstone is one of the many satisfied customers i have.
Here at FREDDYNICE AUTO MASTER, I will be more than happy to help you in the hopes of finding your dream car.

You can contact me at 46736724708 or freddynice@live.co.za

What to Do if You’re in a Car Accident — 10 Tips

No one expects to be in a car accident, but many accidents happen every day. Statistics show that nearly all of us will be in a car accident at some time. Knowing what to do when an accident happens is important. It can make all the difference if you, your family or friends are hurt and need help.

1

Get Help

Call 112(TANZANIA) if anyone is hurt. Medical care within the first hour after an injury is critical.

2

Notify the Police

In most states this is required by law before you can leave the scene if anyone is injured, or there is any significant property damage. It’s a mistake to just exchange names and phone numbers with the other driver and leave the scene. Call the police. Be sure to get the name of the officer at the scene and write it down.

3

Get Crucial Information

Get contact information from the other driver or drivers. Jot down their name, address and phone number. Make a note of the color, make and model of the other vehicles, and the license plates if you can. The police officer can help you get all this information, and will often have a form for you to exchange with the other driver(s) involved. Do not be afraid to ask such information, or for the form.

4

Identify Witnesses

Get the names and contact information of anyone who saw the accident. If you can, do this quickly. Often, people who saw the collision will stop for a short time, but leave before the police arrive. Other motorists, passengers or pedestrians can be critical witnesses. Get their name and phone number.

5

Do Not Discuss Fault

Do not blame the other driver even if they were clearly at fault. It may just start an argument. But, if the other driver admits it was their fault, make a mental note of it. When you get home, jot down precisely what you remember them saying. Even if you feel you may have been partially at fault, do not say anything that admits your feeling. "Fault" is often a complex determination based on the facts and complicated laws. Leave that issue for the police to decide – or an attorney, if necessary.

6

Write a Note to Yourself Afterward

After the accident write a note to yourself (and possibly for your attorney, if you later need one). Include all the information you have gathered and can remember while it is fresh in your mind. Explain how the accident happened as best you can. Drawing a sketch or diagram of the collision will be a helpful memory aid later on. It may be months, or even years, before the insurance companies fully resolve any claims.

7

Call Your Insurance Agent

All insurance policies require you to notify your insurance company. This must be done shortly after the accident. Unnecessary delay in telling your insurance company about the crash can result in a denial of your claim.

8

File Necessary State Accident Reports

In most states, if anyone is injured or there is significant property damage to the vehicles you must file a State Accident Report. The form, with directions, can be obtained from the police department. In some States this report must be filed within 10 days after the accident.

9

Take Picture if You Can

“A picture is worth a thousand words.” Today most of us have a camera built into our cell phones. If you can, and it is safe, take pictures of the vehicles before they are moved. Pictures of the damage and position of the vehicles can be very important. They can prove how the accident happened and document the force of the collision. This can be helpful evidence if the accident caused any injuries. If you are not able to take pictures, ask one of your passengers who is alright, or a witness, to do it for you. After you get emergency care and are home, remember to take pictures of your injuries – any cuts, bruises or bandages, and any casts or crutches. It is particularly important to take a picture of any seat belt bruise on the front of your shoulders and chest. This bruise may not develop right away. Taking a picture of it can keep the other side from claiming that you were not wearing a seat belt.

10

Protect Your Rights

To protect your rights you must act quickly and correctly after a motor vehicle accident. Deciding fault can be complicated. Insurance coverage, and how you will get your medical bills paid, can be very confusing and frustrating. Insurance adjustors may call and ask you to give them a tape recorded statement. Should you do that? You may have many questions about your rights, and your obligations to insurance representatives. You may have questions whether the insurance companies are treating you fairly. Don’t jeopardize your rights. CALL AN EXPERIENCED ATTORNEY who specializes in accident and injury claims for advice and answers to your questions.

BMW Z3..SO SO FRESH,BIG SALE 12000USD everything included....SOLD SOLD SOLD !!!

Status: SOLD SOLD !!!
Year 1998
Transmission AT
CC 1900
Fuel type PETROL
Color SILVER
Door 2
Mileage 103,336 Km
Option PS  PW  AC  AW  AB  LS  
Contact me:+46736724708 / freddynice@live.co.za


OBS:Price including ALL TAXES,CLEARENCE,REGISTRATIONS,ONE YEAR COMPREHENSIVE INSURANCE AND SIX MONTH SERVICE ASSISTANCE...''gET YOUr KEYS,,,START TO  RIDDDEEE''
                             CLICK THE PICTURE FOR BIG IMAGE

go to the blogg: freddynice auto master

How to Pimp Your Ride for Under $500

So you want to pimp out your ride but you don't want to put a hole in your wallet, well don't worry, just follow the steps below to pimp out your ride and keep your wallet fat.



INSTUCTION

1 Let's start with the speakers. You can buy some decent speakers for around $100. Start by removing the door panel.

2  Remove your old speaker by removing the screws. Hook up the wires to the new speaker and reinstall it.


3  Now we are going to hook up a remote control system for the locks. Read the instruction manual to find out how to install this system.


4  If it is possible to cover up the holes in your door, do so. It greatly improves the sound quality.


5  Let's tackle the radio. Remove your old radio and install your new one. You may need a mounting plate for your new radio.


6  We are going to put in a sub woofer. Run the wires for the sub woofer. Install the wires to the sub woofer. Turn on the radio and test it out.


7  Reinstall your door panel. So you got the speakers, woofer, keyless entry, and a CD player, but now let's do the exhaust. A discount muffler shop could sell you a decent looking exhaust for around $25. I had mine professionally installed by a professional but you can do it if you want.


8 You can get a window tint for around $20. If you want, get some window tint on your windows.

9 If you still have money left in your budget, get some nice wheels to pimp out your ride. So that's about it. Your ride has been officially pimped for under $500.

Go to the blogg: freddynice.bloggspot.com

Jaguar Land Rover to manufacture in China

Indian owned Jaguar and Land Rover are in talks to construct a manufacturing and sales process in China, according to a report in the Wall Street Journal

The news is hardly surprising given that China is now the world’s largest car market (having overtaken the USA) and every manufacturer wants a piece of the pie.  

According to Tata Motors’ (Jaguar Land Rover’s parent company) CEO Carl-Peter Forster, the company has had “good discussions” with a Chinese auto maker that may soon become the brand’s manufacturing partner. No names have yet been mentioned.

Despite having tremendous potential around the world, Mr Forster said the brands had been “somewhat under-managed” under the Ford umbrella.
Sources say the deal will likely start with Land Rover SUVs being manufactured in China prior to Jaguar vehicles.
Given the huge demand in China, it’s likely that all Jaguar and Land Rover cars built in China will be for the Chinese market only (at least for now).
The bigger question here is whether or not, in time, we will see luxury car makers exporting from China? Would you buy a Chinese built Jaguar?

Exhaust System to be shared..read it..worth ooo.

There is too much misinformation regarding exhaust theory. What kind of misinformation? For starters, there are a lot of people in the "Bigger is Better" camp. We're talking about exhaust pipe diameters. Even the big magazine editors are boldly smattering statements like, "For a turbo car, you can't get an exhaust pipe that's too big." Also, terms like "back pressure" and the statement, "An engine needs back pressure to run properly!" really can be mis-leading. 

Let's start from the beginning. What is an exhaust system? Silly question? Not hardly. Exhaust systems carry out several functions. Among them are: (1) Getting hot, noxious exhaust gasses from your engine to a place away from the engine compartment; (2) Significantly attenuating noise output from the engine; and (3) In the case of modern cars, reduce exhaust emissions. 

Hardware 

In order to give you a really good idea of what makes up an exhaust system, let's start with what exhaust gas travels through to get out of your car, as well as some terms and definitions: 

After your air/fuel mixture (or nitrous/fuel mixture) burns, you will obviously have some leftovers consisting of a few unburned hydrocarbons (fuel), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, phosphorus, and the occasional molecule of a heavy metal, such as lead or molybdenum. These are all in gaseous form, and will be under a lot of pressure as the piston rushes them out of the cylinder and into the exhaust manifold or header. They will also be hotter 'n Hades. (After all, this was the explosion of an air/fuel mixture, right?) An exhaust manifold is usually made of cast iron, and its' primary purpose is to funnel several exhaust ports into one, so you don't need four exhaust pipes sticking out the back of your Civic. 

Exhaust manifolds are usually pretty restrictive to the flow of exhaust gas, and thus waste a lot of power because your pistons have to push on the exhaust gasses pretty hard to get them out. So why does virtually every new automobile sold have exhaust manifolds? Because they are cheap to produce, and easy to install. Real cheap. Real easy. 

"Ok," you ask, "so now what?" Ah, good thing you asked. The performance alternative to the exhaust manifold is a header. What's the difference? Where a manifold usually has several holes converging into a common chamber to route all your gasses, a header has precisely formed tubes that curve gently to join your exhaust ports to your exhaust pipe. How does this help? First of all, as with any fluid, exhaust gasses must be treated gently for maximum horsepower production. You don't want to just slam-bang exhaust gas from your engine into the exhaust system. No way, Jo-se'! Just as the body of your '94 Eclipse is beautiful, swoopy, and aerodynamic, so must be the inside of your exhaust system. 

Secondly, a header can be "tuned" to slightly alter your engines' characteristics. We'll go in-depth into header tuning a little later. 

Nextly, exhaust gasses exit from your manifold or header, travel through a bit of pipe, then end up in the catalytic converter, or "cat". The cat's main job is to help clean up some of the harmful chemicals from your exhaust gas so they don't end up in your lungs. In most cars, they also do a great job of quieting things down and giving any exhaust system a deeper, mellow tone. You'll see a lot of Self-Proclaimed Master Technicians (SPMT's) telling people that removing a cat will get you tons of power. There's room for debate on this, but in our experience, removing a catalytic converter from a new car won't gain you much in the horsepower department. If you drive an OBD-II equipped car, you'll also get that damn annoying CHECK ENGINE light burnin' up your dashboard. (And for all you racers concerned with OBD-II's fabled "limp mode", you can put your fears to rest.) 

From the catalytic converter, the exhaust gasses go through a bit more pipe and then into a muffler, or system consisting of several mufflers and/or resonators. 

Are you a muff? 

Exhaust gases leave the engine under extremely high pressure. If we allowed exhaust gasses escape to the atmosphere directly from the exhaust port, you can well imagine how loud and cop-attracting the noise would be. For the same reason gunshots are loud, engine exhaust is loud. Sure, it might be cool to drive around on the street with that testosterone producing, chest-thumping, 150 decibel roar coming from your car… for about 5.3 seconds. (Not 5.2 or 5.4 seconds… 5.3.) Even the gentleman's gentleman has gotta use a muffler, or system of mufflers, on their exhaust. 

Again, you may hear a few SPMT's tell you that "Borla mufflers make horsepower!" Or "An engine needs some backpressure to run properly!" Nonsense. A muffler can no more "make" horsepower than Wile E. Coyote can catch roadrunners. Any technician with any dyno experience will tell you that the best mufflers are no mufflers at all! 

Types of Muff 
Mufflers can take care of the silencing chores by three major methods: Absorption, Restriction, and Reflection. Mufflers can use one method, or all three, to attenuate sound that is not so pleasing to the ears of the Highway Patrol. 

The absorption method is probably the least effective at quelling engine roar, but the benefit is that "absorbers" are also best at letting exhaust gas through. Good examples of absorbers are the mufflers found in GReddy BL-series exhausts, DynoMax UltraFlow, and the good old-fashioned Cherry Bomb glasspack. 

Absorption mufflers are also the simplest. All of the above named mufflers utilize a simple construction consisting of a perforated tube that goes through a can filled with a packing material, such as fiberglass or steel wool. This is similar to simply punching holes in your exhaust pipe, then wrapping it up with insulation. Neat, huh? 

Another trick absorption mufflers use to kill off noise is, well, tricky. For example, the Hooker Aero Chamber muffler is a straight-through design, with a catch. Instead of a simple, perforated tube, there is a chamber inside the muffler that is much larger than the rest of the exhaust pipe. This design abates sound more efficiently than your standard straight-through because when the exhaust gasses enter this large chamber they slow down dramatically. This gives them more time to dwell in the sound insulation, and thus absorb more noise. The large chamber gently tapers back into the smaller size of your exhaust pipe, and the exhaust gasses are sent on their merry way to the tailpipe. 

Restriction 

Doesn't that word just make your skin crawl? It's right up there in the same league with words like "maim". 

Obviously, a restrictive muffler doesn't require much engineering expertise, and is almost always the least expensive to manufacture. Thus, we find restrictive mufflers on almost all OEM exhaust systems. We won't waste much time on the restrictive muffler except to say that if you got 'em, you might not want to flaunt 'em. 

Reflection 

Probably the most sophisticated type of muffler is the reflector. They often utilize absorption principles in conjunction with reflection to make the ultimate high-performance silencer. Remember any of your junior high school math? Specifically, that like numbers cancel each other when on a criss-cross? That's the same principal used by the reflective muffler. Sound is a wave. And when two like waves collide, they will "cancel" each other and leave nothing to call a corpse but a spot of low-grade heat. 

There are numerous engineering tricks used in the reflective muffler. Hedman Hedders makes a muffler that looks a lot like a glasspack. In fact, it is a glasspack with a catch. The outer casing is sized just-so, so that high-pitched engine sound (what we deem "noise") is reflected back into the core of the muffler… where those sound waves meet their maker as they slam right into a torrent of more sound waves of like wavelength coming straight from the engine. And, this muffler is packed with a lot of fiberglass to help absorb any straggling noise that might be lagging behind.

The Exhaust Pulse 
To gain a more complete understanding of how mufflers and headers do their job, we must be familiar with the dynamics of the exhaust pulse itself. Exhaust gas does not come out of the engine in one continuous stream. Since exhaust valves open and close, exhaust gas will flow, then stop, and then flow again as the exhaust valve opens. The more cylinders you have, the closer together these pulses run. 

Keep in mind that for a "pulse" to move, the leading edge must be of a higher pressure than the surrounding atmosphere. The "body" of a pulse is very close to ambient pressure, and the tail end of the pulse is lower than ambient. It is so low, in fact, that it is almost a complete vacuum! The pressure differential is what keeps a pulse moving. A good Mr. Wizard experiment to illustrate this is a coffee can with the metal ends cut out and replaced with the plastic lids. Cut a hole in one of the lids, point it toward a lit candle and thump on the other plastic lid. What happens? The candle flame jumps, then blows out! The "jump" is caused by the high-pressure bow of the pulse we just created, and the candle goes out because the trailing portion of the pulse doesn't have enough oxygen-containing air to support combustion. Neat, huh? 

Ok, now that we know that exhaust gas is actually a series of pulses, we can use this knowledge to propagate the forward-motion to the tailpipe. How? Ah, more of the engineering tricks we are so fond of come in to play here. 

Just as Paula Abdul will tell you that opposites attract, the low pressure tail end of an exhaust pulse will most definitely attract the high-pressure bow of the following pulse, effectively "sucking" it along. This is what's so cool about a header. The runners on a header are specifically tuned to allow our exhaust pulses to "line up" and "suck" each other along! Whoa, bet you didn't know that! This brings up a few more issues, since engines rev at various speeds, the exhaust pulses don't always exactly line up. Thus, the reason for the Try-Y header, a 4-into-1 header, etc. Most Honda headers are tuned to make the most horsepower in high RPM ranges; usually 4,500 to 6,500 RPM. A good 4-into-1 header, such as the ones sold by Gude, are optimal for that high winding horsepower you've always dreamed of. What are exhaust manifolds and stock exhaust systems good for? Besides a really cheap boat anchor? If you think about it, you'll realize that since stock exhausts are so good at restricting that they'll actually ram the exhaust pulses together and actually make pretty darn good low-end torque! Something to keep in mind, though, is that even though an OEM exhaust may make gobs of low-end torque, they are not the most efficient setup overall, since your engine has to work so hard to expel those exhaust gasses. Also, a header does a pretty good job of additionally "sucking" more exhaust from your combustion chamber, so on the next intake stroke there's lots more fresh air to burn. Think of it this way: At 8,000 RPM, your engine is making 280 pulses per second. There's a lot more to be gained by minimizing pumping losses as this busy time than optimizing torque production during the slow season. 

General Rules of Thumb with Headers 

You will undoubtedly see a variety of headers at your local speed shop. While you won't be able to determine the optimal power range of the headers by eyeballing them, you'll find that in general, the best high-revving horsepower can be had with headers utilizing larger diameter, shorter primary tubes. Headers with smaller, longer primaries will get you slightly better fuel economy and better street driveability. With four cylinder engines, these are also usually of the Tri-Y design, such as the DC Sports and Lightspeed headers. 

Do Mufflers "Make" Horsepower? 

The answer, simply, is no. The most efficient mufflers can only employ the same scavenging effect as a header, to help slightly overcome the loss of efficiency introduced into the system as back pressure. "So," you ask, "what the is the best flowing muffler I can buy?" 

According to the flowbench, two of the best flowing units you can buy are the Walker Dyno Max and the Cyclone Sonic. They even slightly out flow the straight through designs from HKS and GReddy BL series. Amongst the worst, are the Thrush Turbo and Flow Master mufflers. 

Resonators 

On your typical cat-back exhaust system, you'll see a couple of bulges in the piping that are apparently mini-mufflers out to help the big muffler that hangs out back. These are called Helmholtz Resonators and are very similar to glasspacks. The main difference is that firstly, there is no sound-absorbing fiberglass or steel wool in a Resonator. And secondly, their main method of silencing is the reflective principle, not absorption. An easy way to tell the difference between a glasspack and a true Helmholtz Resonator is to "ping" one with your finger. A glasspack will make a dull thud, and a true Resonator will make a clear "ping!" sound. 

Turbos 

Another object that might be sitting in your exhaust flow is a turbine from a turbocharger. If that is the case, we envy you. 

Not only that, but turbos introduce a bit of backpressure to your exhaust system, thus making it a bit quieter. All of the typical scavenging rules still apply, but with a twist. Mufflers work really well now! Remember, one of the silencing methods is restriction, and a turbine is just that, a restriction. 

This is actually where the term "turbo muffler" is coined. Since a turbine does a pretty good job of silencing, OEM turbo mufflers can do a lot less restricting to quiet things down. Of course, aftermarket manufacturers took advantage of this performance image and branded a lot of their products with the "turbo" name in order to drum up more business from the high performance crowd. We're sad to say that the term "turbo" has been bastardized in this respect, and would like that to serve as a warning. A "turbo" muffler is not necessarily a high-performance muffler. 

Pipe Sizing 
We've seen quiet a few "experienced" racers tell people that a bigger exhaust is a better exhaust. Hahaha… NOT. 

As discussed earlier, exhaust gas is hot. And we'd like to keep it hot throughout the exhaust system. Why? The answer is simple. Cold air is dense air, and dense air is heavy air. We don't want our engine to be pushing a heavy mass of exhaust gas out of the tailpipe. An extremely large exhaust pipe will cause a slow exhaust flow, which will in turn give the gas plenty of time to cool off en route. Overlarge piping will also allow our exhaust pulses to achieve a higher level of entropy, which will take all of our header tuning and throw it out the window, as pulses will not have the same tendency to line up as they would in a smaller pipe. Coating the entire exhaust system with an insulative material, such as header wrap or a ceramic thermal barrier coating reduces this effect somewhat, but unless you have lots of cash burning a hole in your pocket, is probably not worth the expense on a street driven car. 

Unfortunately, we know of no accurate way to calculate optimal exhaust pipe diameter. This is mainly due to the random nature of an exhaust system -- things like bends or kinks in the piping, temperature fluctuations, differences in muffler design, and the lot, make selecting a pipe diameter little more than a guessing game. For engines making 250 to 350 horsepower, the generally accepted pipe diameter is 3 to 3 ½ inches. Over that amount, you'd be best off going to 4 inches. If you have an engine making over 400 to 500 horsepower, you'd better be happy capping off the fun with a 4 inch exhaust. Ah, the drawbacks of horsepower. The best alternative here would probably be to just run open exhaust! 

Other Rules 
A lot of the time, you'll hear someone talking about how much hotter the exhaust system on a turbo car gets than a naturally aspirated car. Well, if you are catching my drift so far, you'll know that this is a bunch of BS. The temperature of exhaust gas is controlled by air/fuel mixture, spark, and cam timing. Not the turbo hanging off the exhaust manifold. 

When designing an exhaust system, turbocharged engines follow the same rules as naturally aspirated engines. About the only difference is that the turbo engine will require quite a bit less silencing. 

Another thing to keep in mind is that, even though it would be really super cool to get a 4 inch, mandrel bent exhaust system installed under your car, keep in mind that all of that beautiful art work won't do you a bit of good if the piping is so big that it gets punctured as you drag it over a speed bump! A good example of this is the 3 inch, cat back system sold by Thermal Research and Development for the Talon/Laser/Eclipse cars. The piping is too big to follow the stock routing exactly, and instead of going up over the rear suspension control arms, it hangs down below the mechanicals, right there in reach of large rocks! So when designing your Ultimate Exhaust System, do be careful!